Journal of Applied Holistic Nursing Science, e-ISSN 3090-1316 Vol.
No.
February 2026 https://doi.
org/10.
70920/jahns.
Original Research/Systematic Review The Effect of Hypertension Exercise on Blood Pressure Reduction in Hypertensive Patients: A Literature Review Juli Andiani1.
Riskatrianti2.
Nuraini Yulianti3.
Jihan Nabilah Yusuf4.
Lulu Khairiyah5.
Khoirunnisa Indriyani6.
Nur Azizah Diah Pitriani7.
Rheza Armadani Putra8.
Firdaus Panji Permana9.
Muhammad Huda10.
Bachtiar Safrudin11 Nursing Professional Study Program.
Faculty of Nursing Science.
Muhammadiyah University of East Kalimantan,Indonesia ABSTRACT Background: Hypertension is a global disease whose symptoms are often not perceived by patients, causing the condition to be frequently neglected.
Therefore, simple interventions are needed to prevent and control hypertension, one of which is exercise ARTICLE HISTORY Received : 28-1-2026
Published: 28-2-2026
KEYWORDS
Hypertension.
Exercise.
Pressure Reduction Blood Methods: This study employed a literature review method by searching articles in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases and applying predetermined inclusion criteria.
CONTACT
Juli Andiani Results: Based on ten reviewed articles, various types of exercise, including Tera gymnastics, hypertension exercise, aerobic exercise, and Prolanis exercise, were proven to effectively reduce blood pressure in patients with Email of Corresponding Author andiani@gmail.
Nursing Professional Study Program.
Faculty of Nursing Science.
Muhammadiyah University of East Kalimantan,Indonesia Conclusion: Exercise interventions have been shown to reduce blood pressure and can therefore be used as a reference for the prevention and management of Cite this as: Juli Andiani1.
Riskatrianti2.
Nuraini Yulianti3.
Jihan Nabilah Yusuf4.
Lulu Khairiyah5.
Khoirunnisa Indriyani6.
Nur Azizah Diah Pitriani7.
Rheza Armadani Putra8.
Firdaus Panji Permana9.
Muhammad Huda10.
Bachtiar Safrudin11 .
The Effect of Hypertension Exercise on Blood Pressure Reduction in Hypertensive Patients: A Literature Review , 2.
https://doi.
org/10.
70920/jahns.
INTRODUCTION
Hypertension is one of the major global health problems, with the number of affected individuals continuing to increase over time.
According to the World Health Organization .
, hypertension is a condition in which systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels are elevated, exceeding 140/90 mmHg.
Hypertension often occurs without noticeable symptoms, earning it the nickname the silent killer.
As a result, many individuals are unaware of their condition and tend to neglect it.
If not properly managed, hypertension can become a major cause of heart attacks, kidney disease, stroke, and mortality (Efroliza, 2.
Globally, approximately 600 million adults with hypertension .
%) are unaware that they have the condition, and only about 320 million adults with hypertension .
%) are able to control their blood pressure (World Health Organization, 2.
In Indonesia, based on the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesda.
data, the prevalence of hypertension among individual https://jurnal.
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php/JAHNS | 48 Journal of Applied Holistic Nursing Science (JAHNS), e-ISSN 3090-1316 Vol.
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1%, with the highest prevalence reported in South Kalimantan.
Based on age groups, older adults showed the highest prevalence, with 55% of individuals aged 55Ae64 years experiencing hypertension.
Of the 34.
1% prevalence, 8.
8% had been diagnosed with hypertension, 13.
3% were diagnosed but did not take antihypertensive medication, and 32.
3% did not take medication regularly (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2.
These findings indicate a lack of awareness regarding the prevention and control of hypertension.
The occurrence of hypertension is influenced by various factors, including genetic predisposition, sex, age, stress, excessive salt and fat intake, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and insufficient physical activity.
Hypertension can be controlled by managing its risk Simple interventions can reduce these risks, one of which is exercise.
Exercise, as a simple form of physical activity, can improve balance, maintain physical fitness, and reduce the risk of various diseases, including hypertension (Prodi et al.
, 2.
Exercise activities can lower blood pressure by promoting vasodilation and reducing the pressure generated by the heartAos pumping mechanism.
Regular exercise can decrease heart rate, leading to reduced cardiac output and consequently lowering blood pressur e (Sakinah et , 2.
Exercise is considered an appropriate intervention because, in addition to improving organ function, it induces relaxation and reduces levels of the hormone norepinephrine (Natasya Dyah Sifa Khoyrunnisa, 2.
Previous research by Dwisetyo .
demonstrated that hypertension exercise had a significant effect on blood pressure changes among community members in Pineleng 2 Village.
Minahasa Regency.
The use of exercise as a preventive and control strategy for hypertension can be applied broadly, particularly among individuals with hypertension.
The purpose of this literature review is to identify and explain various types of exercise interventions that are effective in reducing blood pressure in patients with hypertension, including hypertension exercise, senam tera, healthy heart exercise.
Prolanis exercise, as well as aerobic and combination exercises, to serve as a basis for recommendations of non-pharmacological interventions in nursing practice and healthcare service programs.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
The databases used for the literature search were Google Scholar and PubMed, including articles published between 2020 and 2025.
The literature selection followed the PRISMA Flow Diagram, with the process consisting of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and final article selection.
The researchers applied the PICO framework, consisting of P .
atient/population/proble.
I .
ntervention/prognostic factor/exposur.
C .
omparison/contro.
, and O .
, to facilitate and structure the literature search process.
Format Patient Intervention Comparison Outcome Table1.
PICO Format Keyword : People aged Ou18 years with hypertension : Exercise :: blood pressure reduction A literature search was conducted using the keywords AuHypertension,Ay AuExercise,Ay AuBlood Pressure Reduction.
Ay Subsequently, articles were selected based on inclusion criteria:
research articles typed in Indonesian or English and available in full text, using experimental methods, and published by journal institutions between 2021-2025.
The sample or respondents in the study were adult patients Ou18 years old with hypertension, and the research intervention was exercise.
Articles were excluded if the participants were pregnant women.
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Total number of articles .
Article that matches the title and abstract .
Articles matching the initial search .
Article that does not match the title and abstract .
The article released after reading the full text does not match .
Article submitted for final review .
Figure 1.
Flowchart of Literature Search and Article Selection Process
RESULTS
From the 10 research articles that were reviewed, we wrote a summary of each article based on the author, title, objective, method, results, and conclusion Table 2.
Summary of Research Findings on Exercise Interventions and Blood Pressure in Elderly with Hypertension Author Title Objective Method Results Conclusion Quasiexperimental The Effect of study with a Tera exercise Tera exercise is Tera one-group Exercise on To determine pretestAe reduced blood lowering Blood the effect of pressure, with systolic Pressure Tera exercise average diastolic blood Reduction on reducing Manik involving 23 systolic .
of hypertensive Elderly with pressure in Data 051 mmHg elderly and can Hypertension elderly and diastolic be used as a safe at Deli Tua patients with the decrease of 11 and simple nonPrimary Wilcoxon mmHg .
= pharmacological Health test due to 0.
Center non-normal The Effect of To identify QuasiNo significant Hypertension Hypertension the effect of experimental change in the exercise Sridani et al.
Exercise on hypertension pretestAe control group significantly .
Blood exercise on posttest .
> 0.
The reduces blood Pressure control group intervention Changes group showed elderly https://jurnal.
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Palu City changes in elderly with Quasiexperimental one-group pretestAe using paired t-test Significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure after Healthy lowering blood pressure and can be applied as a control method To examine the effect of Tera exercise on systolic and diastolic Quasiexperimental control group using paired t-tests Tera exercise reductions in diastolic BP compared to control .
< Tera reduces blood pressure levels and can serve as To compare aerobic and short-term Randomized men over 12 weeks using ABPM Both training types reduced BP.
reduction in 24-hour and Combined training is more reducing blood reduce mean BP Rahmawati et al.
Muriza The Effect of Healthy Heart Exercise on Blood Pressure Hypertensive Patients Babahrot Health Center To assess the healthy heart exercise on systolic and The Effect of Tera Exercise on Blood Pressure Levels Elderly with Hypertension Cianjur City Effects Aerobic Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training on Blood Pressure Variability in Herlanda Caminiti .
and is effective as a communitybased High quality of life increased 8% to intervention .
= 0.
To determine the effect of exercise on life among elderly with a significant .
3 to 126.
and diastolic BP .
9 to 82.
= Hypertension quality of life in as a routine nonpharmacological The Effect of Hypertension Exercise on Quality Life among Elderly Nogosaren Elderly Health Post elderly with Analysis ShapiroAe Wilk Paired T-test Quasiexperimental one-group pretestAe Quality life measured WHOQOLBREF and Wilcoxon https://jurnal.
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The Effect of Hypertension Health Education and Exercise Blood Pressure Elderly To determine the effect of and exercise Basuki & Barnawi .
The Effect of Hypertension Exercise on Blood Pressure Elderly Community in Banyumas To assess the exercise on systolic and Maulana The Effect of Prolanis Exercise on Blood Pressure Reduction in Hypertensive Patients To determine the effect of Prolanis exercise on Effectiveness of Aerobic.
Resistance.
Combined Training in Hypertensive Patients To compare pressure and Alemayehu Teferi .
Preexperimental one-group pretestAe posttest with Wilcoxon Preexperimental one-group pretestAe Wilcoxon Preexperimental one-group pretestAe Randomized men over 12 Significant in knowledge and reduction pressure .
= Health Significant reduction in systolic .
= diastolic BP .
= 0.
Hypertension lowering blood pressure among elderly women Significant reduction in systolic .
and diastolic BP .
83 mmH.
= 0.
Prolanis effective as a intervention for All exercise groups showed produced the Combined training is the most effective intervention for Based on the table above, the findings from the ten studies examining exercise -based interventions among patients with hypertension consistently demonstrate a positive pattern, indicating that exercise has beneficial effects in reducing blood pressure and improving the quality of life of elderly individuals.
The first and second studies reported significant reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure following regular exercise interventions, supported by statistically significant test results.
The third study further strengthened these findings by showing a significant improvement in the quality of life of elderly participants who regularly engaged in hypertension exercise programs.
Physiologically, the reduction in blood pressure is attributed to increased vascular elasticity, relaxation of the cardiac muscle, and decreased peripheral vascular resistance, as reported in several studies.
Other studies, such as the ninth article examining Prolanis exercise and the eighth article evaluating hyperte nsion exercise in elderly communities, also demonstrated significant reductions in blood pressure as a result of the interventions.
In addition to blood pressure reduction, several studies reported additional benefits, including improved elderly understanding of hypertension, as observed in the seventh article, as well as enhanced quality of life and healthier behavioral knowledge.
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DISCUSSION
Hypertension is often referred to as a Ausilent diseaseAy because it frequently presents without noticeable symptoms, leading many individuals to neglect the condition as they feel physically well.
However, simple lifestyle modifications can be implemented t o help maintain stable blood pressure levels.
One such approach is engaging in regular physical activity, including exercise-based gymnastics (Adiguna et al.
, 2.
The results of this review demonstrate that various types of exercise interventionsAisuch as hypertension exercise.
Tera exercise.
Prolanis exercise, and aerobic trainingAiconsistently contribute to blood pressure reduction among patients with hypertension.
In addition to lowering blood pressure, several studies reported that exercise -based interventions are safe, easy to implement, and have strong potential as non -pharmacological strategies for hypertension management, particularly among elderly populations.
These exercises can be performed in groups and repeated over long periods, making them suitable for community-based implementation (Rahmawati et al.
, 2.
Physiologically, these findings align with existing theories that regular physical activity improves vascular elasticity, reduces peripheral vascular resistance, and lowers resting heart rate, resulting in more stable cardiac output and decreased blood pre ssure.
This pattern is reflected in multiple studies that reported significant reductions in blood pressure following routine exercise programs conducted over several weeks, including Tera exercise, hypertension exercise, and healthy heart exercise (Sakinah et al.
, 2.
Based on the ten reviewed articles, the majority of evidence indicates that hypertension exercise interventions represent an effective approach for reducing blood pressure in patients with hypertension.
Beyond their blood pressureAelowering effects, exercise-based interventions are considered safe, practical, and accessible, supporting their role as viable non pharmacological strategies for hypertension control within community settings.
CONCLUSION
Interventions such as Tera exercise, hypertension exercise.
Prolanis exercise, aerobic training, resistance training, and combined exercise programs have been proven to reduce blood pressure and its variability, improve cardiac function and vascular elasticity, enhance the quality of life of elderly individuals, and optimize physical fitness indicators.
Therefore, these interventions are appropriate to be integrated into routine hypertension prevention and rehabilitation programs.
REFERENCES