DiA: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 2022 December Vol.
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THE ROLE OF LOCAL WISDOM IN SUPPORTING POLICIES
DEFORESTATION SUPERVISION IN LANGKAT REGENCY.
NORTH
SUMATRA
Simson Ginting.
Faculty of Social and Political Sciences.
University of Sumatera Utara, ginting@usu.
Bengkel.
Faculty of Social and Political Sciences.
University of Sumatera Utara, bengkelginting@ymail.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to find out how the role of local wisdom in supporting deforestation monitoring policies in Langkat Regency.
North Sumatra.
This research method is qualitative with purposive sampling and the informants are the Technical Implementation Unit of the Forest Management Unit (KPH) Region I Stabat and the people who live and live around the forest in Langkat Regency.
Data collection techniques are interviews, observation, and The data was processed and analyzed as a whole and The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the the Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction in the implementation of monitoring of deforestation in the Forestry Service of KPH Region I Stabat is still not in accordance with community expectations such as legal certainty, sustainable forest existence, management and utilization of forest products, capacity and coordination of law enforcement officers.
The role of local wisdom in supporting deforestation policies in Langkat Regency is that the forest management carried out by the government has not fully accommodated the community based forest management pattern.
Forestry policy is still oriented towards state-dominated forest management system.
The state-based forest management pattern relies on the government as the main actor in forest management, which is then supported by large capital owners, while the position of the community .
ustomary communit.
is in a determining position.
Legally this policy is inseparable from the need for natural resources, especially in the forestry sector.
Keywords: Deforestation.
Local Wisdom.
Deforestation Monitoring Policy INTRODUCTION Forests are one of the most important human resources since the beginning of civilization which are used to meet basic human needs for food, water, clean air, shelter and so on.
As a tropical country, forest resources are a potential source DiA: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 2022 December Vol.
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2, e-ISSN: 2615-7268 of foreign exchange for Indonesia's development capital.
During the last three decades.
Indonesia's forest resources have become the main capital for national economic development have a positive impact on increasing the expansion of the state, absorption of labor and encouraging regional development and national economic growth (Karhab & Setyadi, 2.
Although Indonesia's forest resources are very potential, in recent years there has been deforestation and the problem of forest degradation has increased.
Forest management in Indonesia has not reflected compliance with the principles of good forest governance, which has resulted in deforestation and significant forest degradation.
Official data show that in 2013-2014 deforestation fell to 0.
million hectares per year after the previous period was at 0.
73 million hectares per The deforestation rate then rose in 2014-2015 to 1.
09 million hectares per year, then decreased to 0.
63 million hectares per year in 2015-2016, and fell back 48 million hectares per year in 2016-2017.
One of the areas in Indonesia with a high rate of deforestation is Langkat Regency.
North Sumatra.
In Langkat Regency, the conversion of forest land into oil palm plantations is common.
total of 366 hectares of protected forest were illegally converted into plantations by certain private companies (Forest Watch Indonesia, 2.
The high rate of deforestation and forest degradation in Indonesia has made Indonesia one of the largest contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions (Kompas.
Com, 2.
The impact of deforestation and forest degradation that is very clear to date is the occurrence of various social and environmental disasters such as floods, landslides and long droughts which are also related to the issue of global warming (Karhab & Setyadi, 2.
Several studies have emphasized the engagement of local communities with local knowledge to control deforestation.
Theoretically, local communities and forests have an inseparable relationship.
The lives of local people depend on forest resources, and the sustainability of forest ecology is strongly influenced by the activities of local communities.
The process of local community life related to forests has accumulated experience in managing to live together and between independence as a cultural landscape (Burirat & Thamsenamu, 2.
The existence of uncontrolled deforestation also adds to the issue of increasing structural poverty in these communities.
In relation to environmental management, the role of the community is regulated through laws and regulations in the Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 concerning environmental protection and management.
This means that the right to environmental information is a logical consequence of the right to play a role in environmental management based on the principle of openness.
The right to environmental information will increase the value and effectiveness of the community's role in actualizing their right to a good and healthy environment .
he Undang-Undang No.
32 Tahun 2.
In terms of forest control by the state, the state is not the owner in an absolute sense, but the state authorizes the government to regulate and manage everything related to the forest.
Therefore, policies to control deforestation are also important to control deforestation.
The problem that afflicts the failure of policies implemented by the government is not only due to weak supervision and law enforcement over destructive forest and environmental DiA: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 2022 December Vol.
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2, e-ISSN: 2615-7268 exploitation, but rather the government's inability to manage forest resources wisely and pay attention to the principle of sustainability (Robby Firman Syah.
Therefore, researchers are interested in seeing the role of local wisdom in supporting deforestation monitoring policies in Langkat Regency.
North Sumatra.
METHOD
This research tries to describe the field phenomena by revealing the facts.
The approach taken is descriptive with the presentation and discussion of the data Qualitative research methods are defined as a process that tries to gain a better understanding of the complexities that exist in human interaction (Sarwono, 2.
Sampling was done intentionally .
urposive samplin.
to key informants to achieve precise and in-depth information.
Then, to improve the quality of information, the following samples were determined by snowball, i.
rolling in the field according to data needs if there was no more variation in data collection, and no new informants were needed (Bungin, 2.
The informants in this study consisted of the Technical Implementation Unit of the Forest Management Unit Region I Stabat (KPH), as well as the people living and living around the forest who paid attention to the importance of providing support to policies on monitoring forest deforestation in Langkat Regency.
North Sumatra.
In data collection techniques, researchers use multiple sources of evidence .
, which means that researchers use different data collection techniques to obtain data from the same source.
In this case, observations, interviews, and documentation are used for the same data source.
The data collection techniques used by researchers are as follows (Matthew B.
Miles.
Interview Observation Documentation As the method used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach, the authors analyze the data as a whole and systematically along with collecting data based on the symptom units studied.
EXPLANATION
The area of KPH Unit I is in the Langkat Regency Forest area of A 101,809 Ha.
Based on the Surat Keputusan Menteri Perhutanan Nomor 102/MenhutII/2010 dated March 5, 2010 concerning the Management of the Production Forest Management Unit Area (KPHP) Unit I, the details of the forest area are protected forest (HL) A 3,745 Ha.
Limited Production Forest (HPT) covering an area of A57,979 ha and permanent production forest (HP) covering an area of A40,085 ha.
The area still refers to the Surat Keputusan Menteri Kehutanan No.
SK.
Menhut-II 2005, concerning Designation of Forest area in North Sumatra Province covering an area of A3,742,120 Ha.
Based on the Surat Keputusan Menteri Perhutanan No.
SK.
579 MenhutII/2014 dated June 24, 2014 regarding forest areas in North Sumatra, the forest DiA: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 2022 December Vol.
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2, e-ISSN: 2615-7268 area in Langkat Regency is 69,907.
89 Ha.
The forest area which is the area of KPHP Unit I is subject to extensive adjustments and changes as presented in the following table:
Table: Changes in Forest Area in Langkat Regency No.
Forest Area SK NO.
SK.
579/MenhutFunction 102/MenhutII/2014 II/2010 Protected Forest 745 Ha 401,81 Ha Permanent Production Forest 085 Ha 101,22 Ha Limited production forest 979 Ha 404,86 Ha Total 101.
809 Ha 907,89 Ha Source: Forest Service KPH Region I Stabat Table: Size of KPHP Unit I Working Area Based on Sub-District Administrative Area Boundaries in Forest Area No.
Sub-District Surface area (H.
Surface area (%) Babalan 711,49 1,02 Bahorok
489,99
10,711
Batang Serangan 879,78 8,41 Besitang
375,65
14,84
Brandan Barat
752,76
3,94
Gebang
612,46
6,60
Kuala
498,02
0,71
Kuta Mbaru
682,28
6,70
Pangkalan Susu
642,85
2,32
Pematang Jaya
002,59
5,73
Salapian 642,85 2,32 Sawit Seberang
158,56
0,23
Secanggang
735,23
1,05
Sei Bingai 784,39 5,41 Sei Lepan
323,97
7,62
Tanjung Pura
930,92
8,48
Total 69.
907,89
100,00
Source: Forest Service KPH Region I Stabat Forest damage that has been restored is forest damage that occurs in areas, then forest rehabilitation is carried out.
There are several areas, including the District of Brandan Barat: 410 hectares which has been greened by the farmer 96 hectares are managed by the Blooming Farmers group, 96 hectares are managed by the Lubuk Hijau farmer group, then the Gebang sub-district is 164 hectares managed by the Harapan Jaya Farmers.
Tanjung Pura District 189 hectares were restored A 90 hectares.
Then in Babalan District there are several forests that have been restored, namely 88.
10 hectares of Production Forest, 30.
hectares of Protection Forest, 33.
01 hectares of Production Forest, 47.
93 hectares of Production Forest, 32.
50 hectares of Production Forest, and 34 Production DiA: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 2022 December Vol.
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57 hectares.
Protection Forest 17.
52 hectares.
Production Forest 17.
Protected Forest 61.
53 hectares.
Production Forest 16.
96 hectares.
Production forest 99.
80 hectares.
When added together.
Protection Forest and Production Forest are 479.
71 hectares.
in Babalan District, the forest area is 49 reduced by 479.
71 hectares that has been restored, so the result is 231.
hectares that have been damaged.
Based on the data that has been collected through interviews with research informants, these data will be described so that research problems regarding the Implementation of the Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2013 concerning Prevention of Eradication of Forest Destruction in the Implementation of Monitoring of Deforestation in the Forestry Service of KPH Region I Stabat can answered and analyzed, as well as analyzing the role of local wisdom in supporting the policy.
As a support for obtaining data other than primary data, secondary data is also very helpful in explaining the results of interviews, especially those related to the level of characteristics of the respondents' answers.
Furthermore, the results of the interviews can be described systematically according to the nature of the qualitative description research Based on interviews that have been conducted by researchers at the Forestry Service of KPH Region I, the researchers can analyze one by one about the answers from the informants so that the data recapitulation is obtained as follows:
There are goals and objectives to be achieved Based on the results of interviews that have been conducted, it can be concluded that the Implementation of the Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2013 concerning Prevention of Eradication of Forest Destruction, has been implemented and is running well by the Forestry Service of KPH Region I Stabat, although the objectives of the policy have not been fully This can be seen from the fact that there are still damaged forests as a contributing factor to deforestation which results in the forest management targets not being achieved and also the limited infrastructure suggestions that have made forest management in Langkat Regency not effective.
The obstacle we found in forest management to prevent deforestation was the inadequate facilities and infrastructure at the Forestry Service of KPH Region I Stabat.
The results of the interview show that the objectives of the Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction are still not maximized.
This can still be seen from the many shortcomings in both infrastructure and the limited number of Pamhut personnel, the shortage of forestry extension officers, the shortage of PPNS personnel and the quality of human resources in the Forestry Service of KPH Region I Stabat as well as the lack of funding provided by the government to develop the forestry sector.
Monitoring of deforestation based on policies that have been implemented has also not been able to be implemented optimally, due to some of these obstacles.
There is a target aimed at groups that are expected to benefit from the published program The desired targets include: Implementing the demarcation of the KPH forest area and maintaining the area of KPH I covering an area of A107,558.
92 Ha DiA: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 2022 December Vol.
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2, e-ISSN: 2615-7268 covering Langkat Regency A69,907.
89 Ha, 16 sub-districts while Deli Serdang Regency A 37,922.
25 Ha, identifying potential and problems in the KPH forest area I, the establishment of social forestry and the use of environmental services, the construction of infrastructure facilities as needed, the management of potential to provide optimal benefits according to the carrying capacity of forest resources, the management/control of regional problems, the establishment of partnership/ cooperation patterns with the community/business entities and other parties.
Programs that achieve the target shown to the expected group are programs that have reached the target in the coastal area of 105 hectares.
The Lubuk Kertang Village area.
West Brandan sub-district is now a Mangrove Forest tourist The Mangrove Forest managed by the Mekar Farmers' group where previously this area was damaged due to illegal logging and land conversion from those who cleared the Mangrove Forest.
the community is given socialization to plant, maintain and protect the forest area.
But there are still damaged Mangrove Forest areas such as Pulau Sembilan.
Secanggang.
Tanjung Pura.
This is due to the lack of participation of the local community.
The program has become one of the alternatives to prevent deforestation in Langkat Regency.
The government continues to approach the community by paying attention to local-based environmental conditions so that the community can also monitor the existing Langkat Regency, especially mangrove forests are managed well in Lubuk Kertang Village.
Brandan Barat District, because the people here are aware of the importance of the functions and benefits of mangrove forests so that people take part in managing mangrove forests, both from maintaining, planting, maintaining and supervising Mangrove Forests.
There are still Mangrove Forests that are damaged due to lack of community participation.
Communities in this area always carry out monitoring so that deforestation does not occur which will have very negative impacts in the future.
There has been an increase in mangrove forests in Lubuk Kertang Village.
West Brandan District, where the mangrove forest is managed by the Mekar Farmer group.
This group manages the mangrove forest because this area was previously badly damaged.
But now it has become a Mangrove Forest Tour which is visited by many people.
The community also admits that there are still damaged areas, such as in Tanjung Pura District, which is damaged by forest due to lack of community participation.
There is a party who is responsible for implementing the policy program that is being carried out The party responsible for implementing the policy program based on the Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2013 concerning the Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction is the Forestry Police.
They are certain officials within the central and/or regional forestry agencies which in accordance with the nature of their work organize and/or carry out forest protection efforts.
The power of law is given special police powers in the field of forestry and conservation of living natural resources and their ecosystems which are under one unit of command.
Then the official and then the Civil Servant Investigating Officer, hereinafter abbreviated as PPNS, are certain Civil Servant Officers within the scope of the central and regional forestry agencies which by DiA: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 2022 December Vol.
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2, e-ISSN: 2615-7268 law are given special authority in the investigation in the field of forestry and conservation of living natural resources and their ecosystems, but there are still forests that are experiencing forest degradation.
Damage due to lack of responsibility Forest Service KPH Region I Stabat in working to achieve the desired target.
There is Supervision of Published Policies UPT KPH Region I Stabat together with the Forestry Service of North Sumatra Province in August 2017 carried out an integrated operation to restore the area in Gebang and Babalan Subdistricts.
Langkat Regency, which involved all relevant elements such as the TNI, the POLRI.
Attorney General's Office.
BPN.
Langkat Regency Government.
Subdistricts, village Head.
But there are still areas experiencing deforestation.
The results of the interview also show that surveillance has been carried out in the form of patrols to monitor the forest so that no one does forest damage, but sometimes there are those who do forest damage, either cutting forests or carrying heavy equipment to destroy forests into oil palm plantations.
The people of Langkat Regency who were informants in this study said that the forests in Langkat Regency have been managed well but there are still those who do forest damage for their personal interests, due to their lack of firmness in eradicating forest destruction crimes.
Forest management has not been maximized due to lack of public awareness in maintaining, protecting and supervising forests, resulting in forest damage.
The community hopes that the government will carry out stricter supervision regarding this issue in order to prevent deforestation in Langkat Regency.
Forest management has indications of negligence by the Forestry Service Office of KPH Region I Stabat in supervising the Forest Area, so that there are still those who do forest damage.
Rights and Access Mechanisms for Indigenous/Local People The mechanism of rights and access for indigenous/local people is interpreted as guaranteeing and encouraging indigenous/local people to use and manage forest resources in the Forest Management Unit (FMU) area.
In general, community access rights have been stated in the forest management unit management plan document in the form of guarantees set forth in the form of community partnership system development, namely in areas that have obtained a Forestry Partnership Permit.
In the utilization of forest areas, the Forest Management Unit Region I Stabat is also divided into two working areas, namely KPHP Unit I Langkat and KPHP Unit V Deli Serdang, each of which is divided into Community Empowerment Blocks in areas where there are already community activities in the forest area and people who have access to the forest area and are still outside the forest area concession area.
KPHP Unit I Langkat data consists of Community Empowerment Block covering an area of 48,108.
15 Ha divided into Production Forest and Limited Production Forest.
Forest Production covering an area of 24,908.
89 Ha and Forest.
Limited Production covering an area of 23,199.
26 Ha.
Community empowerment activities planned by KPHP Unit I Langkat are as follows:
DiA: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 2022 December Vol.
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Development of charcoal kitchen business, in the Community Empowerment Block covering an area of A 2,113.
96 Ha.
Technology guidance as well as training and education for farmer groups and forest communities.
Development of intercropping system of forestry plants with plantation crops .
e coffee plant.
in upstream areas.
Development of sugar palm and its derivative products .
e brown sugar, palm sugar, and kolang-kalin.
Development of superior agarwood products.
Development of forest plantations as a source of energy raw materials .
amely the Kaliandra plan.
Development of jernang rattan.
HHBK.
Development of facilities and infrastructure for shrimp ponds in coastal areas.
Development of honey bee cultivation.
Development of resin plants and their derivative products.
The results of the interview show that the empowerment and involvement of local residents in forest management is one of the efforts to maximize and prolonged use of forest resources.
These efforts can be carried out either through capacity building or providing access to the use of forest resources with the aim of increasing the welfare of residents in forest areas.
Forest management in KPHP Unit I Langkat has the potential for conflict, especially conflicts with village communities around the forest.
The potential for such conflicts is due to the fact that there have been delays in forest use, such as the conversion of forest areas to oil palm plantations, encroachment of forest areas and illegal logging.
In addition to conflicts with the perpetrators of encroachment and illegal logging, at KPHP Unit I Langkat there are also conflicts that occur between humans and wild This is because the forest area that is the working area, part of it is the Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser (TNGL) area which is the habitat of wild animals such as tigers, elephants and orangutans.
With the existence of human activities around the forest area, the rate of forest destruction will increase which causes the habitat of wild animals to become narrow and forces the wild animals to find new space for movement so that they reach residential areas and result in community conflicts with wild animals.
Based on the explanation from the Directorate General of Planology from the Ministry of Forestry, which stated that the Forest Management Unit could be an effort in resolving forestry conflicts that are still happening today, one of which is by handling it in the form of conflict mapping activities where this activity is carried out to find out the factors causing it so that it can find a workable conflict This is in accordance with the findings and interviews, that the FMU Region I Stabat which consists of KPHP Unit I Langkat and KPHP Unit V Deli Serdang has carried out potential identification activities and mapping of conflict resolutions that occurred, such as:
DiA: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 2022 December Vol.
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2, e-ISSN: 2615-7268 Human-human conflicts over the conversion of forest functions and illegal logging with the handling efforts carried out are facilitation of social forestry programs, facilitation of community meetings with permit holders, implementation of forest security patrol operations by the Forestry Police from KPH.
Human-wildlife conflict with efforts to handle it in the form of socializing the existence and protection of wild animals to local residents who in this case contribute to and cooperate with Balai Konservasi Sumberdaya Alam (BKSDA).
Balai Besar Taman Nasional Gunung Leseur (BBTNGL) and NonGovernmental Organizations (NGO.
and carry out wildlife evacuation activities to the TNGL forest area.
The Role of Local Wisdom in Supporting Deforestation Policies Communities in Langkat Regency are generally very closely related to forests, because they generally live from agricultural products and collect forest products, as well as awareness of the importance of forests as a source of water which is a necessity for people's lives.
The relationship between the community in Langkat Regency and the forest has been closely intertwined for decades and even hundreds of years ago, where at first people were not familiar with the agricultural system as it is today.
In the past, the people of Langkat Regency depended entirely on the forest to meet their needs by collecting forest products in the form of plants, wood to build houses, twigs for cooking, fruits and game animals to medicinal plants to treat sick community members.
The interaction of the community in Langkat Regency towards the forest continuously and for generations creates values that are believed to be true from generation to generation, and become a reference in daily behavior so that they become customs, habits that are difficult to change which are generally tradition that is still maintained as a decisive creative knowledge and intelligence in maintaining and conserving forests for the life and well-being of them and their The form of local cultural wisdom owned by the people of Langkat Regency to date is in the form of .
ustomary partie.
which include annual work, which is carried out every year at different times in each village or sub-district.
Through this annual party, the entire community can stay in touch to discuss what things can be done to advance their respective regions.
This also strongly supports the deforestation policy that has been implemented by the government, because there is room for the community to discuss how to protect the forests in Langkat Regency.
People in Langkat Regency who live around the forest also believe in the existence of Nini Karangen or forest guards.
Nini Karangen can be in the form of large trees, large stones, umang caves, hermit crabs or spirits, and rivers in the middle of the forest, making the forest a sacred place.
so that people do not carelessly enter the forest, especially in logging and taking forest products.
addition to believing the forest as a sacred place inhabited by spirits or supernatural beings, the people who live around the forest also believe that the forest is a source of water for them.
Based on this, the form of local cultural wisdom that exists in the people in Langkat Regency forms the values that they believe that the forest is a place that must be preserved as the main source of their DiA: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 2022 December Vol.
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2, e-ISSN: 2615-7268 life, starting from the need for water, food and shelter which all come from the People in Langkat Regency not only have the belief that the forest is a sacred place, they also have the knowledge that the forest is also the main source of water in addition to other sources of life necessities such as food, clothing and This is in accordance with the following community opinion: Aupeople know that forests are important for their lives, because forests can keep water and they also often take forest products for their daily needs.
In line with this, community leader Tazruddin Hasibuan stated that they already know that the forest must be maintained because they live apart from farming but also take forest products such as medicinal plants, tree branches and also edible animals such as rabbits, snakes, chickens, and forest birds.
Based on the results of interviews with the community, it is known that in general the community already has the knowledge that the existence of the forest must be preserved, because it is a source of water for their daily needs and is also a source of food, medicine, clothing and housing for their families.
The public's knowledge of the need to preserve the forest as a source of water is supported by the government.
Analysis The results of interviews conducted by researchers at the Forestry Service of KPH Region I Stabat, the results of interviews with informants related to the Implementation of the Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction will be described which are categorized into the goals and objectives they want to There is a target that is shown to groups that are expected to benefit from the published program, there is a party responsible for the implementation of the implemented policy program, there is supervision of the issued policy, and the role of local wisdom in supporting government policies related to forest deforestation, and the discussion is as follows:
There are goals and objectives to be achieved Implementation refers to actions to achieve the goals that have been set in a The objectives and targets of the Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction are to ensure legal certainty, guarantee the existence of forests in a sustainable manner while maintaining sustainability, optimize the management and utilization of forest products and increase the capacity and coordination of the apparatus of law enforcer.
(Sugandi, 2.
Based on the above, the goals and objectives of the Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction in the Forestry Service of KPH Region I Satabat have not been achieved.
This is in accordance with the results of interviews that have been conducted with Mr.
Ir.
Ramlan Sakban Rambe, it can be concluded that the Implementation of the Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2013 concerning Prevention of Eradication of Forest Destruction, has been implemented and is going well by the Forestry Service of KPH Region I Stabat.
This policy has not yet been fully achieved.
This can be seen from the fact that DiA: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 2022 December Vol.
20 No.
2, e-ISSN: 2615-7268 there are still damaged forests that result in forest management targets not being achieved and also the limited infrastructure suggestions that have made the forest management provided not yet effective.
The obstacles found in forest management are the inadequate facilities and infrastructure at the Forestry Service KPH Region I which have not been effective.
There is a target aimed at groups that are expected to receive benefits from the published program According to (Wahab, 2.
the implementation approaches are procedural and managerial approaches .
rocedural and managerial approache.
Designing programs and detailing tasks and formulating clear goals, determining work performance measures, costs and time.
Implement a work program, by making use of appropriate structures and personnel, funds, resources, procedures and methods.
Establish a system of scheduling, monitoring, and appropriate monitoring facilities, to ensure that appropriate and correct actions are immediately Based on the results of the interview, the desired targets include:
Implementing the demarcation of the KPH forest area and maintaining an area of KPH I covering an area of A107,558.
92 Ha covering Langkat Regency A69,907.
Ha, 16 sub-districts while Deli Serdang Regency A 37,922.
25 Ha, identifying potential and KPH I forest area problems, establishment of social forestry and utilization of environmental services, development of infrastructure facilities as needed, managed potential to provide optimal benefits according to the carrying capacity of forest resources, managed/controlled area problems.
Established partnership/cooperation patterns with communities/business entities and other Programs that achieve the targets shown to the expected group are programs that have reached the target in the coastal area of 105 hectares.
The Lubuk Kertang Village area.
West Brandan sub-district is now a Mangrove Forest tourist The Mangrove Forest managed by the Mekar Farmers' group where previously this area was damaged due to illegal logging and land conversion from those who cleared the Mangrove Forest.
The community is given socialization to plant, maintain and protect the forest area.
But there are still damaged Mangrove Forest areas such as Pulau Sembilan.
Secanggang, and Tanjung Pura this is due to the lack of participation of the surrounding community in managing mangrove This finding is seen from the results of interviews that have been carried out with Mrs.
Juliana, who said that forest management is well managed in Lubuk Kertang Village.
West Brandan District because the people here are aware of the importance of the functions and benefits of the forest so that the community takes part in managing the forest, whether it be maintaining, planting, maintain and supervise the forest.
Likewise, according to the results of interviews that have been conducted with Mrs.
Lida, she said that there has been an increase in mangrove forests in Lubuk Kertang Village.
West Brandan Sub-district.
which is often visited by our people as coastal communities, but there are still damaged areas such as in DiA: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 2022 December Vol.
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2, e-ISSN: 2615-7268 Tanjung Pura sub-district, the destruction of forests due to lack of community The existence of a party responsible for the implementation of the implemented policy program According to .
he Permendagri No.
61 Tahun 2.
, there are five basic principles contained in Good Governance:
Transparency: namely the disclosure of information both in the decisionmaking process and in disclosing material and relevant information about the The most important effect of implementing the principle of transparency is the avoidance of conflicts of interest between various parties in Accountability: i.
the clarity of functions, structures, systems and responsibilities of institutional organs so that the management of the institution can be carried out properly.
With the implementation of this principle, the institution will avoid conflicts or conflicts of interest in roles.
Responsibility.
conformity or compliance in the management of the institution to sound corporate principles and applicable laws and regulations, including those relating to taxes, industrial relations, environmental protection, occupational health/safety, salary standards and fair competition.
Independence .
a situation where the institution is managed professionally without conflict of interest and influence/pressure from any party that is not in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations and sound corporate principles.
Based on the Permendagri No.
61 Tahun 2007 that good governance requires parties who are responsible for implementing the program and causing obedience to the target group.
If we relate it to the implementation of the UndangUndang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2013 concerning Prevention and Destruction of Mangrove Forests in the implementation of Mangrove Forest Management at the FMU Region I Stabat Service, there are already parties who are responsible for running the program.
This is in accordance with the results of interviews conducted with Mr.
Ir.
Ramlan Sakban Rambe said that the party responsible for implementing policy programs carried out based on the UndangUndang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction is the Forestry Police.
His job is to organize and/or carry out forest protection efforts which by the power of law are given special police powers in the field of forestry and conservation of living natural resources and their ecosystems which are under one unit of command.
Then the official and then the Civil Servant Investigating Officer, hereinafter abbreviated as PPNS, are certain Civil Servant Officers within the scope of the central and regional Forestry agencies which by law are given special authority in the investigation in the forestry sector and the conservation of living natural resources and their ecosystems.
But the mangrove forest is still damaged because there is an element of negligence in carrying out its duties from the Forestry Service KPH Region I Stabat.
DiA: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 2022 December Vol.
20 No.
2, e-ISSN: 2615-7268 There is Supervision of Published Policies According to (Wahab, 2.
, one of the implementation approaches is procedural and managerial approaches.
Designing programs and detailing tasks and formulating clear goals, determining work performance measures, costs and time.
Implement a work program, by making use of appropriate structures and personnel, funds, resources, procedures and methods.
Establish a system of scheduling, monitoring, and appropriate monitoring facilities, to ensure that appropriate and correct actions are immediately Based on Wahab's opinion, it can be analyzed that the implementation approach requires proper supervision so that the policy runs as expected.
The Forest Service of KPH Region I Stabat has carried out supervision.
The supervision carried out is in the form of patrols to monitor the forest so that it is not damaged by irresponsible elements but the supervision carried out is less than This can be seen from the results of interviews conducted with the people of Langkat Regency, saying that mangrove forests have been managed well but there are still those who damage mangrove forests for their personal interests, because they are not firm in eradicating forest destruction crimes.
Likewise, in the management of mangrove forests, there are indications of negligence by the Forestry Service Office of KPH Region I Stabat in supervising Forest Areas, so that there are still those who do forest damage.
Rights and Access for Indigenous/Local People Coordination and synchronization between permit holders in the implementation of forest management is carried out to achieve the objectives of forest management in the management area as contained in the forest management activity plan, so that coordination or synchronization between permit holders for the use of forest areas in the KPHP Unit I Langkat management area has been carried out in accordance with directions according to the following framework:
Evaluation and synchronization between the Business Work Plan (RKU) and the Annual Work Plan (RKT) of the permit holder, referring to the Long Term Management Plan (RPHJ Lon.
and the Short Term Management Plan (RPHJ Shor.
Coaching, monitoring, and evaluating the performance of the permit holder referring to the RKU and RKT of the party concerned.
In the context of other management implementation, such as the implementation of rehabilitation, protection and nature conservation activities.
KPHP Unit I Langkat carries out such management through planting and reforestation activities, plant maintenance, and plant enrichment.
Activities are carried out in coastal areas with mangroves, and in land forests with woody plants .
uch as meranti, sengon and jabo.
and MPTs (Multi Purpose Trees Specie.
such as durian, rambutan, duku, glugur acid, and so on.
The planned rehabilitation activities cover an area of 730 Ha, including critical land with an area of 710 Ha, and very critical land with an area of 20 Ha.
DiA: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 2022 December Vol.
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2, e-ISSN: 2615-7268 The implementation of forest protection and nature conservation activities is directed at the entire KPHP Unit I Langkat area.
Forest protection aims to protect and maintain forests and their environment in order to function optimally and sustainably which is carried out as an effort to avoid and overcome the destruction of forest areas and forest products caused by human actions, livestock, fire, natural resources components such as pests and diseases.
The plan for forest protection and nature conservation activities includes the following activities:
Delineation of local protected areas, in the form of activities: .
Mapping of protected forest areas.
Mapping of local protected areas .
each borders, rivers, springs and green open space.
Mapping of cultural heritage areas.
Mapping of disaster-prone areas.
Efforts to protect and preserve flora and fauna, in the form of activities to determine the location of germplasm sources.
Sources of germplasm in the KPHP Unit I area are seed sources for mangroves (Rhizophora s.
and agarwood (Aquilaria malacensi.
seed sources.
Forest protection, in the form of activities: .
Socialization of forest area boundaries to communities around forest areas and related stakeholders.
Patrol for securing forest and forest products outside the permit.
Fostering of Non-Governmental Forestry Extension Officers (PKSM).
Control of forest fires and the establishment of the Forest and Land Fire Control Brigade unit and the Fire Care Community (MPA).
Development of 3 .
units of Forest Management Resort (RPH) in the KPHP Unit I Langkat area which is divided into Bahorok District.
Tanjung Pura District and Pangkalan Susu District.
Socialization of forestry laws and regulations.
Socialization is aimed at communities around the forest, farmer groups/cooperatives holding permits, and other stakeholders.
Monitoring the control of industrial raw materials, both for the mangrove charcoal manufacturing industry and the woodworking industry.
Operations of the Integrated Team in the restoration of forest areas, together with members of the Indonesian National Police and TNI.
Eradication of illegal logging and area encroachment, including preventive measures to prevent forest damage in the form of issuing warning letters to perpetrators of land conversion and repressive measures in the form of execution of forest encroachment and forest destruction activities.
Settlement of tenure conflicts over the issue of uncertain boundaries in the management and utilization of forest areas.
Execution of evidence of forestry cases found at the location of forest security operations.
Law enforcement on forestry cases is a follow-up to the execution of forest encroachment and forest destruction activities.
Soil and water conservation .
echnical civil developmen.
, either in the form of making gully plugs, dams or controlling dams.
Conservation efforts for HCVF (High Conservation Value Fores.
, in the form of: .
Conservation of corpse flower (Amorphophallus titanu.
and lotus flower (Rafflesia opponentensi.
Conservation of areas that have an important function as the identity of the traditional culture of the local and .
Protection of water systems.
DiA: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 2022 December Vol.
20 No.
2, e-ISSN: 2615-7268 The Role of Local Wisdom For people in Langkat Regency, forests are seen as a binder and marker of collectivism as well as a medium to continue to maintain kinship ties.
Therefore, for the people in the area, the forest which is part of the ulayat is not seen and positioned as a mere factor of production, but also binds the social relations of the This collective control forms a kinship bond in its control between the communities.
In addition, the community has traditional knowledge which is the norm in forest management, one of which is the recognition of forest allocations based on watersheds by considering the ecological functions of forests and rivers by dividing the forest into three zones, namely.
forbidden forest as zero growth, stored forest as a reserve forest designated for the next generation of families and processed forest as a managed forest area, generally with a farming On the other hand, forestry policies which are the basis for forest management carried out by the government have not fully accommodated community based forest management patterns.
Forestry policy is still oriented towards state-dominated forest management system.
The state-based forest management pattern relies on the government .
he stat.
as the main actor in forest management, which is then supported by large capital owners, while the position of the community .
ustomary communit.
is in a determining position.
Legally political.
this policy is inseparable from the need for natural resources, especially in the forestry sector.
At the research location, the community has rules for managing the forest.
The prohibition of cutting down trees and burning forest land is one of the rules that they are still following.
Members of the community who violate these rules are subject to fines, namely being expelled from the village.
The role and status of local wisdom as a rule implemented by the community in the area is very important considering that from a historical perspective it was obtained in a very long process and was passed down orally by the community from generation to The existence of forests in the community is very important, especially to maintain their survival.
For people living around the forest, the forest has its own meaning.
The meaning will be interpreted according to their respective experiences and knowledge.
When this meaning is interpreted into real life, it gives birth to various kinds of rules and habits.
These rules and customs bind all members of society, starting from the lowest level, namely the family, to community leaders and all members of the community.
All of them will obey the "perception" they make, namely because they think that if they violate, they will be punished for their actions, usually in the form of disasters and so on.
With regard to the way or strategy of the community to save forest areas, many expressions are born, or fairy tales which if interpreted scientifically are only myths and fantasies.
This is based mainly on the fact that they are difficult to prove, even though they have their own meaning.
If these phrases and fairy tales are violated, then the superstitious or irrational becomes a reality, precisely a reality that cannot be denied.
The phrases and tales that live in society are not known who ever put forward the first time.
However, these phrases and fairy tales are good indicators of the general opinion of the community.
Phrases and fairy DiA: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 2022 December Vol.
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2, e-ISSN: 2615-7268 tales should not be judged as scientifically responsible propositions in the strict sense, but should be regarded as a deposit of experience that grows into a kind of general wisdom, which in turn will be passed down orally.
It is through this deposition of experience that a habit grows.
Even though local people have very good wisdom, changes in the area where they live have had an unfavorable impact on the existence of a modern equipment system that promises a better level of income, high demand for agricultural products, has encouraged them to utilize agricultural products as much as possible.
Maybe so that sometimes they have violated their local wisdom system (Ministry of Education and Culture, 1.
In addition, increasing population has pushed people towards greater dependence on agriculture and forest products.
Public pressure and intervention are increasing due to the rapid development of technology.
People are starting to use modern tools with high productivity, and it is possible to damage the community environment itself.
The results of the study (Tjahjono et al, 2.
show that the decline in local wisdom of the community is caused by various factors, among others due to low mastery of technology, increase.
population, population migration, limited area of operation, policies that castrate customary rights, and freedom of theft of natural This is closely related to the blue revolution which refers to changes in the pattern of using technology to produce higher production.
Changes in the behavior of traditional communities towards conservation can be done and are not as difficult as imagined but have allowed environmental damage.
Environmental damage according to (Soemarwoto, 1.
can occur if the environmental image owned by the community is different from reality, the community is late in making adjustments to obtain a new environmental image, humans do not treat the surrounding environment rationally and there is a potential for greed, greed and greed in every human being to take maximum advantage of the availability of natural resources.
Cases of theft and forest violations that have occurred since the 19th century are related to social, economic, political policies and ecological changes.
The increase in cases of forest theft was triggered by the change in the function of the forest which was originally the economic base of the forest village to become a traded commodity.
Forests also lose their social function when these resources are controlled by the state or under the control of private entrepreneurs who hold forest exploitation rights.
Timber theft and other violations occur when subsistence needs are not met and solutions are not found.
The act of stealing wood is the main choice for two reasons: first, it is easy to do because the forest is close to where you live, and second, you get traditional moral justification, namely that taking wood in the forest is not against the law.
Thus, the act of timber theft is supported by communal ideas about forest ownership that are freely accessible to anyone, and by people's ignorance that the wood they take comes from state forest areas .
ontrolled by the stat.
The response of the population to all forms of restrictions on access to forests was responded to in various ways.
The occurrence of theft of wood in the forest-other than forest fires, and so on is a form of disobedience that is carried out repeatedly.
Increasing state control over forest resources is not able DiA: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 2022 December Vol.
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2, e-ISSN: 2615-7268 to eradicate the old habits of forest villagers.
In fact, when the state pressure is getting tougher, the population response is also getting stronger and wider.
Timber theft is closely related to efforts to fulfill subsistence needs.
Timber theft is only one part of forest security disturbances.
Especially in forest management with an agroforestry perspective, where Indonesia's coastal areas have various types of habitat typologies and high biota This biodiversity is a source of life that can be used for food or trade needs, so its existence is very vulnerable to extinction due to life and development Several forms of threats to the preservation of biodiversity include pollution, exploitation of natural resources for trade, deforestation and so on.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of research conducted at the Forestry Service of KPH Region I Stabat, the authors conclude that the implementation of the UndangUndang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction in the implementation of forest deforestation monitoring in the Forestry Service of KPH Region I Stabat is still not in accordance with community expectations as stated in the objectives of the Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction, namely ensuring legal certainty, guaranteeing the existence of forests in a sustainable manner, optimizing the management and utilization of forest products, increasing the capacity and coordination of law enforcement officers.
This can be seen from the lack of facilities and infrastructure, the lack of community participation, the lack of supervision carried out by the KPH Region I Stabat Service, so that the objectives of the Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction have not been carried out optimally.
Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that in managing the forest there are parties responsible for implementing policy programs run by the Forestry Service KPH Region I Stabat already working responsibly but there are still damaged forests, which resulted in the lack of optimal performance of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in carrying out their duties.
The findings of the research can also be understood that in managing forests it is necessary to supervise the policies implemented in their implementation at the KPH Region I Stabat Service.
However, this supervision is still not optimal, it can be seen from the damage to the mangrove forest due to negligence on the part of the Service itself, and the lack of firmness of the State Civil Service Apparatus (ASN) in giving sanctions.
Local wisdom plays a very important role in supporting government policies, where the community has traditional knowledge which is the norm in forest management, one of which is the recognition of forest allocations based on watersheds by considering the ecological functions of forests and rivers by dividing the forest into three regional allocations, namely.
forbidden forest as zero growth, stored forest as a reserve forest designated for the next generation DiA: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 2022 December Vol.
20 No.
2, e-ISSN: 2615-7268 of families, and processed forest as a managed forest area, generally with a farming system.
The role of local wisdom in supporting deforestation policies in Langkat Regency, namely forestry which is the basis of forest management carried out by the government has not fully accommodated community based forest management patterns.
Forestry policy is still oriented towards state-dominated forest management system.
The state-based forest management pattern relies on the government .
he Stat.
as the main actor in forest management, which is then supported by large capital owners, while the position of the community .
ustomary communit.
is in a determining position.
Legally political.
This policy is inseparable from the need for natural resources, especially in the forestry sector.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This article is one of the results of the TALENTA Research at the University of Sumatera Utara, the Young/Beginner Lecturer Research Scheme for the 2021 Fiscal Year in accordance with the Agreement/Contract Number:
103/UN5.
1/PPM/SPP-TALENTA USU/2021.
Therefore, the research team would like to thank the Research Institute of the University of North Sumatra, especially the Chancellor of the University of Sumatera Utara for the financial support and facilities provided.
Thank you also to all the informants who have been willing to help in the completion of this research.
REFERENCES