https://jurnal.
id/index.
php/jall/index JALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literac.
ISSN 2598-8530.
February.
Vol.
10 No.
1, 2026
Received: September 14th, 2025.
Accepted: November 04th, 2025.
Published February 27th, 2026
A TRANSFORMATIONAL-GENERATIVE ANALYSIS OF SPOKEN SYNTAX IN
TIKTOK PODCAST: A STUDY ON THE DEDDY CORBUZIER CHANNEL
SEGMENT AuKTP WONOGIRI NGOMONGNYA BRITISH ABIS!!Ay Robi'ah Laila*.
Hapni Nurliana H.
D Hasibuan.
Dahnilsyah.
Nur Azizi.
Sayyidah Khansa Universitas Riau.
Indonesia laila4385@student.
ABSTRACT
This research discusses the syntactic analysis of spoken sentences in the Deddy Corbuzier Channel podcast on TikTok.
The purpose of this study is to describe how sentence structures in spoken language differ from written language and to identify how they reflect ChomskyAos theory of Transformational-Generative Grammar (TGG).
This study uses qualitative methods.
The research data were taken from selected podcast transcripts from TikTok.
To answer the research questions, the researcher applied ChomskyAos theory .
7, 1.
focusing on the relationship between deep structure and surface structure in sentence The results reveal that although the deep structures of the utterances are grammatically correct, the surface structures often show spoken features such as topic fronting, lexical substitution, repetition, fillers, and clause fragmentation.
These forms occur naturally in spontaneous conversation and are not considered grammatical errors.
Furthermore, the analysis shows that spoken sentences tend to prioritize clarity, emphasis, and emotional expression rather than formal grammatical.
Keywords: Transformational-Generative Grammar.
Spoken Syntax.
TikTok Podcast.
Linguistic Performance.
Spontaneous Speech.
INTRODUCTION
Language has always been dynamic, evolving gradually in vocabulary, pronunciation, and structure across generations.
However, the rise of social media has dramatically accelerated this process and reshaped communication on a global scale.
Unlike conventional written texts that are typically formal, stable, and bound by established norms, digital platforms encourage immediacy, brevity, and audience This environment often prioritizes speed and creativity over strict adherence to linguistic rules, leading to noticeable changes not only in vocabulary and spelling but also in syntax, which serves as the structural core of language.
Scholars describe this phenomenon as accelerated language evolution (Hartmann, 2.
, where shifts that once unfolded over decades can now emerge within months.
Previous research has highlighted various aspects of language change in digital environments, particularly vocabulary innovation and the spread of memes or viral JALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literac.
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expressions across cultural and linguistic boundaries (Garcia et al.
, 2.
While these studies demonstrate how online platforms influence word choice and spelling conventions, comparatively little attention has been given to syntax.
Syntax, defined as the arrangement of words and phrases into sentences, forms the backbone of communication, and its transformation indicates deeper shifts in spoken interaction.
Emerging evidence suggests that social media fosters novel grammatical patterns, flexible word order, unconventional punctuation, and the mainstreaming of inclusive forms such as the singular they (Lee & Huang, 2.
Despite these observations, many studies analyze such features in isolation, without examining how they interact, persist, or vary across platforms.
Moreover, the influence of ephemeral formats .
disappearing storie.
and algorithm-driven engagement on conversational style and syntactic preferences remains underexplored.
Demographic factors further shape these dynamics.
Teenagers and young adults are often the earliest adopters of new linguistic forms (Kim & Baker, 2.
, while influencers and online creators play a key role in amplifying them to broader audiences.
However, questions remain about whether these syntactic innovations endure over time, how they vary across communities, and whether they reflect global trends or localized The limited scope of cross-linguistic studies makes these uncertainties especially significant.
Most existing research focuses on visual and interactive platforms such as TikTok, emphasizing their influence on syntax through rapid and concise exchanges (Dembe.
In contrast, this article examines syntactic structures in podcasts, which offer a longer, more reflective, and continuous form of spoken communication compared to shortform video media.
Therefore, this study aims to explore how podcasts, as an audio medium combining dialogic and narrative elements, shape syntactic choices and sentence patterns in contemporary digital communication.
This comparison is expected to broaden our understanding of how different media environments, specifically visual-interactive and audio-narrative formats, contribute to structural changes in spoken language.
METHODOLOGY
Design and Approach JALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literac.
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This study employs a qualitative research methodology to investigate how spoken language is shaped and transformed through social media content, with a particular focus on the TikTok podcast AuDeddy Corbuzier ChannelAy specifically from the segment AuKTP WonogiriANgomongnya British Abis!!Ay .
ttps://vt.
com/ZSUBPWoHa/).
qualitative approach is chosen because it enables an in-depth exploration of natural speech patterns, sentence constructions, and conversational dynamics as they appear in real-life digital contexts.
Unlike quantitative methods that rely on numerical data, the qualitative method allows the researcher to interpret language phenomena contextually and descriptively, which is essential for understanding the subtleties of linguistic variation in social media discourse.
To provide a solid theoretical foundation, this study applies ChomskyAos Transformational-Generative Grammar .
7, 1.
as its primary analytical framework.
ChomskyAos theory emphasizes the internalized set of syntactic rules that native speakers unconsciously follow when producing grammatically correct sentences.
It distinguishes between deep structure .
he abstract representation of meanin.
and surface structure .
he actual spoken or written for.
This theory is particularly relevant for analyzing the linguistic patterns in TikTok podcasts, as it helps identify whether spoken utterances conform to, or diverge from, standard grammatical constructions.
By applying this framework, the study aims to examine how spontaneous speech in online podcasts reflects both the creativity and fluidity of modern spoken language.
The data collection process begins with selecting and transcribing several clips from the Deddy Corbuzier Channel podcast on TikTok.
The chosen videos are those that feature spontaneous, unscripted conversations, ensuring that the language reflects natural interaction rather than pre-planned speech.
Once transcribed, the spoken texts are reviewed to identify utterances that exhibit irregular or distinctive sentence patterns.
This step ensures that the data remains authentic, contextually grounded, and representative of informal spoken language as it naturally occurs in social media environments.
The data analysis consists of three systematic stages.
First, the researcher identifies sentences that contain syntactic irregularities, incomplete clauses, or nonstandard grammatical structures.
These examples are categorized and labeled according to their type of deviation.
Second, each sentence is examined word by word to analyze how its syntactic JALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literac.
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structure differs from the grammatical norms described in ChomskyAos TransformationalGenerative Grammar.
During this stage, the focus is placed on understanding the hierarchical organization of words and phrases within the sentence, identifying missing or misplaced elements that cause structural shifts.
Third, corrected versions of the sentences are proposed to illustrate how they would appear if constructed according to standard syntactic rules.
This comparative process helps demonstrate the gap between spoken performance and ideal grammatical competence.
Finally, the results of the analysis are interpreted to uncover broader linguistic tendencies present in the Deddy Corbuzier Channel podcast.
These findings will be discussed in relation to the dynamic and informal nature of TikTok as a digital platform that often blurs the line between written and spoken registers.
Through this comprehensive methodological approach, the study aims to highlight how digital conversations both reflect and reshape the principles of spoken syntax in contemporary communication.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
This section presents the results and discussion of the syntactic analysis conducted on spoken utterances taken from the TikTok podcast AuDeddy Corbuzier ChannelAy, specifically from the segment AuKTP WonogiriANgomongnya British Abis!!Ay.
The main focus of this analysis is to identify how sentence structures in spontaneous speech differ from the correct or standard grammatical forms.
Using ChomskyAos TransformationalGenerative Grammar .
7, 1.
as the theoretical framework, this study examines the transformation between spoken .
structures and their accurate .
grammatical The analysis involves transcribing spoken sentences from the podcast and comparing them with their correct syntactic constructions.
Each utterance is analyzed to determine which linguistic components, such as subjects, verbs, or connectors, are missing, misplaced, or altered in spoken form.
This process helps reveal the syntactic simplifications that naturally occur in informal communication, showing how speakers often prioritize fluency and understanding over grammatical completeness.
Through this comparison, the study aims to illustrate the dynamic relationship between actual spoken usage and grammatical norms, highlighting how everyday speech JALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literac.
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on social media platforms like TikTok reflects both creativity and syntactic reduction in modern English communication.
FINDINGS
Sentence 1: AuWhy do you love EnglishAy? Aspect Structure Analysis Deep (Intended Proposition: YOU love English.
Underlying Meanin.
question seeks cause: WHY .
for that Deep structure: [CP Why [TP you do love Englis.
Surface Structure (Spoken For.
Fully grammatical interrogative with auxiliary do moved before the subject: AuWhy do you love English?Ay Transformational Process / Issue Wh-movement of the wh-phrase to Spec-CP and Auxiliary inversion .
o-support movement of Aux to C).
Explanation (ChomskyAos In TGG, interrogatives are derived by moving Framework Ae detaile.
wh-phrases to the left periphery (Spec-CP) and applying auxiliary inversion .
aising an auxiliary to C).
The sentence shows correct application of these transformations: deep proposition .
ou love Englis.
is transformed into an interrogative via Wh-movement and Aux raising.
There is alignment between competence .
nowledge of rul.
and performance .
orrect utteranc.
Grammatical Reconstruction Ai .
o change.
the utterance is grammatica.
This utterance clearly demonstrates linguistic competence as described by Chomsky.
The speaker correctly applies the rules for forming a question by adding Audo,Ay placing the auxiliary before the subject, and positioning the wh-word AuwhyAy at the beginning of the sentence.
The deep structure represents the statement AuYou love English,Ay which, through transformational processes, becomes a grammatically correct interrogative There are no indications of hesitation or speech errors, showing that the speakerAos performance corresponds well with their underlying grammatical knowledge.
Sentence 2: AuYou know.
I remember my father, he passed away.
Ay Aspect Analysis JALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literac.
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Deep Structure Meanin.
(Intended Two separate propositions: .
I remember my .
He passed away.
Both express memory and emotional recall.
Surface Structure (Spoken For.
In spoken delivery, the two clauses are uttered sequentially without an explicit conjunction, connected only by a natural pause or intonation Transformational Process / Issue Clause fusion or spontaneous clause chaining occurs when two independent thoughts are combined without a formal connector such as and or because.
This phenomenon results from the natural rhythm and flow of spoken language rather than from a syntactic error.
Explanation (ChomskyAos Within Transformational-Generative Grammar Framework Ae detaile.
(TGG), each clause ideally forms a separate syntactic projection (TP/S).
However, in spoken discourse, real-time processing, emotion, and narrative flow influence how clauses are The fusion here reflects performance simplification, where the speaker compresses syntax to maintain fluency and expressiveness.
The underlying competence remains intact Ai the speaker knows the correct rule but chooses a faster, more natural delivery under spontaneous Grammatical Reconstruction Ai .
o change.
the utterance is grammatica.
This utterance illustrates how spontaneous speech often merges related ideas without using conjunctions in order to maintain emotional flow and conversational rhythm.
According to ChomskyAos theory, this phenomenon does not represent a grammatical error but rather reflects linguistic performance, which is the practical application of language knowledge under cognitive and emotional limitations.
The speakerAos competence .
nowledge of synta.
remains evident.
however, the surface structure reveals the natural economy of spoken language rather than the precision of formal written grammar.
Sentence 3: AuMy late father, he watched this TV show.
Ay Deep Meanin.
Aspect Structure Analysis (Intended [NP My late fathe.
[VP watched this TV sho.
One subjectAepredicate relationship.
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The subject appears twice (AuMy late fatherAy and AuheA.
Common in spontaneous speech.
Transformational Process / Issue Topic fronting .
eft dislocatio.
leading to apparent subject duplication.
Explanation (ChomskyAos In ChomskyAos view, the deep structure contains a Framework Ae detaile.
single subject NP.
The repeated surface NP arises from discourse-level topicalization, not a syntactic error.
Spoken grammar allows the topic (AuMy late fatherA.
to appear before the main clause for emphasis or clarity.
This represents performance variation, not incompetence in Grammatical Reconstruction Ai .
o change.
the utterance is grammatica.
Surface Structure (Spoken For.
Although this utterance may appear redundant in written English, in spoken discourse it serves a clear pragmatic function.
The speaker introduces the topic first (AuMy late fatherA.
before presenting the main clause (Auhe watched this TV showA.
This is a natural linguistic phenomenon known as left dislocation, which helps the listener follow the topic more easily.
In line with ChomskyAos competence and performance distinction, the speakerAos grammatical competence remains intact.
the repetition occurs at the level of performance as a discourse strategy rather than as an error.
Sentence 4: AuHe watched this Indonesian host.
Tantowi Yahya.
Ay Aspect Analysis Deep Structure (Intended [NP H.
[VP watched NP .
his Indonesian host = Meanin.
Tantowi Yahy.
Surface Structure (Spoken For.
Grammatical with appositive NP.
possible article Transformational Process / Issue None structurally.
Explanation (ChomskyAos In ChomskyAos Transformational-Generative Framework Ae detaile.
Grammar, the appositive AuTantowi YahyaAy functions as an internal modifier within the NP It provides semantic clarification without altering syntactic relations.
The determiner AuthisAy signals immediacy or familiarity and represents a pragmatic variation, not a grammatical error.
Therefore, both deep and surface structures correspond accurately, showing that the sentence is syntactically stable and well-formed.
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Grammatical Reconstruction AuHe watched the Indonesian host.
Tantowi Yahya.
Ay This utterance reflects clear syntactic competence, as the speaker successfully constructs a declarative clause with proper subjectAeverbAeobject alignment.
The appositive phrase AuTantowi YahyaAy adds specificity and helps the listener identify the referent, functioning as a non-restrictive modifier.
The use of AuthisAy instead of AutheAy represents a stylistic choice at the performance level, commonly found in spoken English to convey emphasis or a sense of personal connection.
Therefore, the utterance demonstrates grammatical accuracy, pragmatic awareness, and fluent spoken performance without any structural deviation.
Sentence 5: AuHe spoke in English at that time, and he was like.
AoOh my goodness, this is the man.
AoAy Aspect Analysis Deep Structure (Intended Two propositions: .
He spoke in English.
Meanin.
He expressed admiration.
Surface Structure (Spoken For.
Begins with AuAndAy.
uses informal Auwas likeAy for Ausaid.
Ay Transformational Process / Issue Lexical substitution and coordination reduction.
Explanation (ChomskyAos In Transformational-Generative Grammar, the Framework Ae detaile.
quoted clause (AuOh my goodness, this is the manA.
originates under a verb of speech in the deep structure.
In the surface form, the expression Auwas likeAy replaces Ausaid,Ay representing a lexical transformation that is typical of informal spoken English but not considered a grammatical error.
The conjunction AuandAy links the ideas smoothly, maintaining discourse continuity rather than structural coordination.
This example illustrates how spoken syntax adapts formal grammar to achieve natural expression while preserving grammatical accuracy.
Grammatical Reconstruction AuHe spoke in English at that time, and he said.
AoOh my goodness, this is the man.
AoAy This utterance illustrates how spoken English often modifies formal grammar to enhance expressiveness.
The phrase Auwas likeAy functions as a pragmatic substitute for JALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literac.
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Ausaid,Ay allowing the speaker to convey tone, attitude, or vividness in storytelling.
From a Chomskyan perspective, the deep structure remains grammatically correct, as the verb AusayAy continues to govern the quoted clause, while the surface structure reflects a stylistic transformation characteristic of natural conversation.
The use of AuandAy at the beginning of the clause indicates a continuation of thought rather than a grammatical dependency.
Therefore, this utterance demonstrates creative linguistic performance that operates within the boundaries of grammatical competence.
Sentence 6: AuHe was amazed with Tantowi Yahya when he spoke in English.
Ay Aspect Structure Analysis Deep (Intended [NP H.
[VP was amazed by Tantowi Yahya Meanin.
when he spoke in Englis.
Surface Structure (Spoken For.
The sentence is grammatically complete but contains a lexical choice error, using the preposition AuwithAy instead of the correct Auby.
Ay Transformational Process / Issue Lexical substitution error.
Explanation (ChomskyAos The syntactic configuration is accurate: the Framework Ae detaile.
subject, predicate, and adjunct clause align The deviation occurs at the lexical insertion stage, where the wrong preposition .
replaces the expected one .
In TGG terms, this represents a performance-level lexical slip, not a structural violation, since the deep grammar remains intact.
Grammatical Reconstruction AuHe was amazed by Tantowi Yahya when he spoke in English.
Ay This utterance demonstrates a minor lexical substitution, which is a common characteristic of spontaneous speech.
The deep structure accurately represents a passive or adjectival construction, whereas the surface form reflects rapid and unmonitored lexical Such discrepancies frequently occur in fluent conversation and do not indicate grammatical deficiency.
Instead, they highlight the distinction between linguistic competence, which involves knowledge of grammatical rules, and performance limitations, which pertain to temporary production errors.
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Sentence 7: AuYeah, he was amazed.
And I donAot know, maybe itAos even under my conscience.
Ay Aspect Structure Analysis Deep (Intended [TP I subconsciously feel I must be good at Meanin.
Englis.
Surface Structure (Spoken For.
Includes fillers (Auyeah,Ay AumaybeA.
and hesitation Transformational Process / Issue Filler insertion and interrupted derivation.
Explanation (ChomskyAos The deep structure remains grammatical.
Framework Ae detaile.
illers, pause.
arises from performance.
TGG terms, the syntactic component is complete before articulation.
thus, these are post-syntactic Grammatical Reconstruction AuI think subconsciously I feel I have to be good at English.
Ay This utterance displays several features characteristic of spontaneous speech commonly found in informal discourse.
The speaker employs hesitation (AuI donAot knowA.
, discourse markers (AuyeahA.
, and slightly unconventional lexical combinations (Auunder my conscienceA.
to convey internal reflection.
Within ChomskyAos theoretical framework, such deviations do not indicate a lack of grammatical knowledge but arise from the real-time nature of speech production, which can create mismatches between intended meaning and lexical retrieval.
The structure remains syntactically coherent at the deep level, with variation occurring only at the surface lexical level.
Sentence 8: AuMy conscience that I have to, okay.
I have to be good at English.
Ay Aspect Deep Structure Meanin.
Analysis (Intended (TP I feel that I have to be good at English because of my conscienc.
The speaker intends to express a sense of moral or emotional Surface Structure (Spoken For.
Disfluent utterance containing repetition (AuI have toA.
, filler (AuokayA.
, and incomplete clause (Aumy conscience that I have toA.
Transformational Process / Issue The speaker interrupts, repeats, and repairs the clause by restarting mid-sentence in order to clarify the message.
Explanation (ChomskyAos In ChomskyAos TGG, this utterance represents an JALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literac.
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Framework Ae detaile.
Grammatical Reconstruction incomplete derivation followed by restructuring.
The speaker begins with a noun phrase (AuMy conscience that I have toAA.
but interrupts the syntactic projection before completion.
The following repetition (Auokay.
I have to be good at EnglishA.
functions as a performance repair, completing the deep proposition through a new syntactic start.
Such interruptions are typical of spoken performance, where planning and production occur simultaneously.
AuI feel that, in my conscience.
I have to be good at English.
Ay / AuMy conscience tells me that I have to be good at English.
Ay This sentence clearly illustrates how spoken language diverges from written syntax.
The speaker begins constructing one syntactic path, pauses, inserts a filler (AuokayA.
, and then restarts, which is a natural indicator of real-time cognitive processing.
Within ChomskyAos framework, the deep structure remains complete and grammatically correct, whereas the surface structure exhibits fragmentation as a result of spontaneous planning.
This example effectively demonstrates performance-based disfluency rather than grammatical error, emphasizing how spoken syntax adapts dynamically in authentic Sentence 9: AuBecause I want to make my father proud of me, because he was proud of Tantowi Yahya.
Ay Aspect Structure Analysis Deep (Intended [TP I want to make my father proud because he Meanin.
was proud of Tantowi Yahy.
Surface Structure (Spoken For.
Repetition of AubecauseAy.
tense conflict.
Transformational Process / Issue Overextension of subordination and self-repair.
Explanation (ChomskyAos The deep structure encodes causality, but Framework Ae detaile.
repetition in surface form arises from planning pressure and self-monitoring.
A clear example of performance-based redundancy within correct syntactic mapping.
Grammatical Reconstruction AuI want to make my father proud of me, just as he was proud of TantowiYahya.
Ay JALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literac.
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utterance illustrates how natural speech frequently contains pauses, restarts, or repetitions as the speaker organizes their thoughts.
The repetition of AubecauseAy represents an attempt to clarify causality in the middle of the sentence rather than a genuine grammatical error.
In terms of Transformational-Generative Grammar (TGG), the deep structure remains coherent, expressing a single causal relationship, whereas the surface structure becomes unstable due to cognitive pressure during performance.
This example demonstrates that linguistic competence enables the production of grammatically sound structures, yet performance factors such as emotion, hesitation, or real-time planning may momentarily disrupt fluency without changing the intended meaning.
Sentence 10: AuMaybe thatAos one of the things that pushed me to study English.
Ay Aspect Structure Analysis Deep (Intended [TP That is one of the reasons [CP which pushed Meanin.
me to study Englis.
Surface Structure (Spoken For.
Grammatically coherent and complex.
Transformational Process / Issue Wh-movement in relative clause formation.
Explanation (ChomskyAos The embedded relative clause is derived through Framework Ae detaile.
movement of the wh-operator Auwhich.
Ay The construction maintains structural hierarchy from deep to surface representation.
Grammatical Reconstruction Ai .
o chang.
This utterance clearly demonstrates the speakerAos ability to construct hierarchically structured syntax by combining a main clause and a relative clause smoothly.
The deep structure conveys a causal meaning (AuThat is one of the reasonsA.
, while the surface structure realizes it through appropriate wh-movement, resulting in a coherent complex There are no indications of hesitation or performance interference, suggesting that the speaker successfully applies internal grammatical rules in real time.
This reflects strong syntactic competence and an advanced command of English clause embedding.
Sentence 11: AuHe might be proud of me, and these events motivated me to study English.
Ay Deep Meanin.
Aspect Structure Analysis (Intended Combined propositions: .
[He might be proud of m.
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Englis.
Surface Structure (Spoken For.
Compound declarative using modal causative.
Transformational Process / Issue Coordination of two independent TPs.
Explanation (ChomskyAos The deep structures of both clauses are merged Framework Ae detaile.
via coordination under a single CP node.
Modal feature checking (AumightA.
and infinitival complement licensing (Auto study EnglishA.
occur correctly, maintaining grammatical integrity.
Grammatical Reconstruction Ai .
lready grammatica.
This utterance demonstrates complete syntactic competence, as both clauses are grammatically correct and logically connected.
The coordinating conjunction AuandAy successfully links two independent ideas without creating structural imbalance, while the modal AumightAy conveys uncertainty that contrasts effectively with the certainty expressed by Aumotivated.
Ay There are no indications of performance interference, indicating that the speaker skillfully applies complex clause coordination in spontaneous speech.
DISCUSSION
The analysis of spoken utterances from the TikTok podcast Deddy Corbuzier Channel reveals that the speakers demonstrate both grammatical competence and natural performance variations.
Using ChomskyAos Transformational-Generative Grammar as the framework, the study identifies how deep structures remain grammatically intact even when surface forms appear fragmented or simplified.
This finding supports the view that spontaneous speech reflects the speakerAos linguistic knowledge while adapting to real-time communicative demands.
Several utterances show accurate syntactic constructions, including proper question formation, clause embedding, and coordination.
These examples indicate that the speakers apply grammatical rules correctly, producing sentences that are structurally complete and logically coherent.
The presence of modals, relative clauses, and appositive phrases also highlights the speakersAo ability to use complex syntax in spontaneous situations without hesitation or grammatical errors.
Other utterances display characteristics typical of spoken performance, such as pauses, repetitions, fillers, and lexical substitutions.
These features are not indicators of grammatical weakness but reflect the natural process of speech production, where speakers JALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literac.
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organize their thoughts while maintaining conversational flow.
The repetition of conjunctions or self-corrections, for instance, shows how speakers prioritize clarity and emphasis during interaction.
The findings also reveal that informal discourse encourages flexibility in syntax.
Spoken language often reshapes formal grammar to express emotion, emphasis, or For example, structures like Auwas likeAy or discourse markers such as AuyeahAy and AuokayAy serve pragmatic purposes, creating engagement and continuity in conversation.
These features illustrate how speakers balance grammatical structure with communicative effectiveness in digital contexts.
Overall, the discussion shows that spoken English on social media platforms combines grammatical accuracy with expressive creativity.
The variations found in the podcast are performance-based rather than competence-related.
This supports the idea that language in digital spaces evolves to match interactive and expressive needs while preserving the fundamental principles of syntax.
Such findings emphasize that modern spoken English remains both structurally sound and dynamically adaptable to new media CONCLUSION This study examines the differences in creativity between the illustrator and nonillustrator writers in applying pragmatic discourse related to narrative pictures.
A close examination of the questionnaire results reveals a clear preference among both groups of writers for elements of creativity that are characterized by fluency and flexibility.
The study's findings indicated that fluency emerged as the predominant skill, thereby establishing it as the foundation for assessing creativity.
This assessment entailed the composition of children's stories based on random narrative pictures.
The results of the creativity test indicated that of the four aspects of pragmatic discourseAispeech acts, implicature, politeness, and adaptation to contextAionly pictorial implicature differed significantly between the two groups of writers.
The creativity test also revealed that the illustrator writers rely more on implicature than the non illustrator Figural ability facilitates the imaginative process of the illustrator writer which enables them to conceptualize a myriad of potential implied meanings embodied within text, thereby facilitating the creation of narratives derived from arbitrary visual picturery.
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While politeness and adaptation to context did not vary significantly between the two groups of writers, these two aspects were the most prevalent in the creation of stories based on narrative pictures.
Preliminary findings from the creativity test demonstrate a correlation between the illustrator writers and their tendency to employ adaptation to context in their writing.
With respect to the use of polite language, it was observed that the illustrator writers were more inclined to refrain from employing language that might prove challenging for their audience to comprehend.
The development of creative writing should not only focus on verbal abilities but also emphasize figural abilities and pragmatic discourse awareness through the use of multimodal techniques such as storyboards so that the resulting work is more realistic, communicative, and meaningful.
The researchers are aware that this study is still limited in terms of the number of participants and the drawing skills of the illustrators, which are not yet at a professional level.
The tools utilized in the creativity media are characterized by their simplicity and manual nature.
In subsequent studies, the participants can be expanded to a more professional level with digital products such as comics by applying multimedia discourse analysis.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This research was supported by the Directorate of Research and Community Service.
Ministry of Higher Education.
Science and Technology, through the 2025 Competitive Research Grant under the Scheme for Early-Career Lecturers.
REFERENCES