Journal of Governance Innovation Volume 7.
Number 1.
Maret 2025
(P-ISSN) 2656-6273, (E-ISSN) 657-1714
DOI Number 10.
36636/jogiv.
The Opportunities for the Establishment of Madura Province:
Weighing Capacities and Challenges Moh Said1.
Erlita Cahyasari2 Public Administration Department.
Universitas Brawijaya.
Indonesia mohsaid_fia@ub.
Abstract This paper describes the opportunities for the establishment of Madura Province through an analysis of the capacities and challenges.
The analysis is carried out on regional economy quality, equitable development, human resources quality, village development, fiscal capacity, and regional fiscal Expanding regions or creating New Autonomous Regions is frequently the approach taken to enhance governance quality in the regions.
Therefore, understanding the scope of the opportunities is The deepening of opportunities is achieved by analysing the capacities and challenges present in the new regional government.
The results, it is known that the regencies on Madura Island have several advantages and challenges.
The advantage is having GINI Index.
HDI, and IDM that are on average with regencies/cities in East Java.
Meanwhile, the challenge is the quality of the regional economy as indicated by the GRDP, that is far below the regencies/cities in East Java.
The following challenge is the region's limited capacity and fiscal independence.
Compared to the values of other regencies/cities in East Java, the capacity and fiscal independence of the four regencies on Madura Island are still below average.
However, the quality of human resources, development, and existing equity can serve as the fundamental capital to maximize the management of the potential that is owned, if granted to become a province.
Madura Island has sufficient natural resources and economic potential, with more authority, can be maximized and used to raise the standard of public services and governance, which will benefit the local Keywords: Capacities.
Challenges.
New Autonomous Region.
Madura Province Abstrak Tulisan ini menggambarkan peluang pembentukan Provinsi Madura melalui analisis atas kapasitas dan tantangan yang dihadapi.
Analisis dilakukan pada kualitas ekonomi daerah, pemerataan pembangunan, kualitas sumber daya manusia, pembangunan desa, kapasitas fiskal, dan kemandirian fiskal daerah.
Pemekaran daerah atau pembentukan Daerah Otonom Baru (DOB) seringkali menjadi jalan yang dipilih untuk memperbaiki kualitas penyelenggaraan pemerintahan di daerah.
Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengetahui seberapa besar peluangnya.
Pendalaman peluang dilakukan dengan menganalisis kapasitas dan tantangan yang ada di pemerintah daerah yang akan menjadi bakal bagian dari provinsi baru tersebut.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa kabupaten yang ada di Pulau Madura memiliki beberapa keunggulan dan tantangan.
Keunggulannya bahwa keempat kabupaten di Pulau Madura memiliki nilai Indeks GINI.
IPM, dan IDM yang rata-rata dengan kabupaten/kota di Jawa Timur.
Sedangkan yang menjadi tantangan adalah kualitas ekonomi daerah yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai PDRB yang kesenjangannya jauh di bawah kabupaten/kota di Jawa Timur.
Tantangan berikutnya adalah kapasitas dan kemandirian fiskal keempat kabupaten di Pulau Madura berada di bawah rata-rata dari kabupaten/kota lainnya di Jawa Timur.
Bagaimanapun kualitas sumber daya manusia, pembangunan dan pemerataan yang eksis dapat menjadi modal dasar untuk mengoptimalkan pengelolaan potensi yang dimiliki, apabila diberi kewenangan untuk menjadi provinsi.
Pulau Madura memiliki potensi ekonomi dan sumber daya alam yang memadai yang apabila dikelola dengan kewenangan yang lebih besar dapat dioptimalkan dan mampu meningkatkan kualitas penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dan pelayanan publik sehingga kesejahteraan masyarakat lokal menjadi lebih baik.
Kata kunci: Kapasitas.
Tantangan.
Daerah Otonom Baru Journal of Governance Innovation Volume 7.
Number 1.
Maret 2025
(P-ISSN) 2656-6273, (E-ISSN) 657-1714
DOI Number 10.
36636/jogiv.
Introduction has triggered many New Autonomous The 1998 reformation was a turning Regions (DOB) to be formed.
Until now, point in the implementation of regional there have been 12 new provinces, 164 new regencies, and 34 new cities, so that the reformation that regulated the new direction number of provinces has become 38, of regional government was Law Number 22 regencies have become 416, and cities have of 1999 which was later replaced by Law become 98, the total number of autonomous Number 32 of 2004 concerning Regional regions has become 530 regions.
The Government.
Then, the law regulating New autonomous regions are expected regional government was revised by Law to be a solution for improving the quality of Number 23 of 2014 as a result of government administration in the regions.
The public will find it easier to access public implementing decentralization policies for a services and will be better facilitated to The characteristics of these two improve their quality of life (Smith, 1.
laws are that government is organized based The closer the public service providers are on the principles of decentralization and to the local community, the more accurate assistance tasks with an emphasis on the principle of decentralization.
The central Accuracy of public services is in line with government delegates most government good responsiveness (Oates, 1.
The affairs to autonomous regions.
there are only overall result is a more efficient delivery of six affairs that become the authorities of the local public services (Lewis and Smoke, central government, namely: foreign policy.
Martinez-Vazquez and Vaillancourt, national finance and monetary, defense.
Smoke and Loffler, 2013.
Tiebout, security, justice, and religion.
The However, government administration, in addition to fulfilment of the completeness of regional providing broad authority to the Regions, government administration, which includes especially regencies/cities, also opens up resources, bureaucratic systems covering the Expansion is the process of forming new Regional People's Representative Council autonomous regions that are born from the (DPRD), and budget.
Post-expansion DOBs parent autonomous region.
This opportunity must be able to regulate and manage Journal of Governance Innovation Volume 7.
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government affairs that are under their can be seen.
As part of the dynamic process Many DOBs initially did not have of improving the governance quality in the regions, the expansion of autonomous infrastructure used were still rented from other parties.
Regional apparatuses received Performance assessment is intended to a distribution from the parent autonomous understand the quality of the intervention region with numbers, qualifications, and If the intervention has a good competencies that often did not match their impact as expected, it becomes the basis for This condition is the reason why decision-making that the intervention is DOBs cannot immediately accelerate since worthy of being continued.
However, if the their formation.
reality is otherwise, alternative interventions Related to the assessment of DOB are needed so that the territorial challenges performance as stated by Rachman .
of regional governance are not always that many DOBs have poor performance.
resolved by the expansion or formation of This shows that regional expansion is new autonomous regions.
moving away from its purpose, namely, to (Norton, moratorium policy on the expansion of new 1997, quoted by Muluk, 2.
It is hoped autonomous regions since 2014 to 2021.
that public services can be brought closer to Various their recipients, regional potential can be consideration, especially the failure of several new autonomous regions to create economic empowerment can be carried out welfare for their communities and were more quickly.
The logical consideration is considered a burden on state finances.
This that it is no longer constrained by regional frequently occurs because financial support accessibility and the length of bureaucracy.
from the central government is still very After more than two decades of large while local revenue has not been able The government once implemented a post-reform to become the main source of regional decentralization policy, for new autonomous (Susilawati.
Kusumastuti, regions formed at the beginning of the post- Rahmawati.
This ratio can be reform era, the preparation period has calculated by comparing the amount of certainly passed.
The implementation of transfer income received by the region with governance has been stable, so its quality its Local Revenue (PAD).
This indicates that Journal of Governance Innovation Volume 7.
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the performance of new autonomous regions formation of new autonomous regions in has not performed well, with the criteria put terms of fiscal independence and the quality forward by Mahsun .
, namely: .
ncluding Finance is the main factor in regional ability infrastructure, time, .
ctivity size, in implementing autonomy (Halim, 2.
speed, precision/accuracy, compliance with Furthermore, according to Siregar and Pratiwi .
, goods/services, precision of productio.
, .
independence is the government's ability to .
uality goods/services, finance its own government activities, .
atisfaction, development and services to the community participatio.
, and .
ncrease of who have paid taxes and levies as a source of income needed by the region.
Measurement The readiness of regional governments performance is directed at the authority to in facing regional autonomy, especially in manage its resources.
the financial sector, is measured by how far Achievement assessment of the tasks the ability to finance affairs if fully funded by Local Revenue (PAD) and Regional regional government can be seen from the Revenue Sharing (Kustianingsih.
Muslimin, results of tracking the performance of the and Kahar, 2018, 2018.
Hehamahua, 2.
Then.
Handayani .
describes the dependence of the region on Erinos Ammons .
ited by Hwang-sun Kang, 2.
Other external funding sources.
The higher the measures that can be used are economy and independence ratio means that the level of relevance (Fenwick and Bailey, 1.
However, since 2022, the submission of .
specially regional expansion has been reopened, government.
is lower, and vice versa.
The starting with the expansion of the province independence ratio also describes the level in Papua.
Considering that the expansion of of community participation in regional autonomous regions has resumed, especially The higher the independence at the provincial level, it is interesting to ratio, the higher the community participation explore the situation of preparation for the Journal of Governance Innovation Volume 7.
Number 1.
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(P-ISSN) 2656-6273, (E-ISSN) 657-1714
DOI Number 10.
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in paying regional taxes and levies which are the main components of PAD.
The measurement on the quality of regional government according to Bappenas One of the most-widely reported news and UNDP .
can be done by using is the expansion in East Java.
As reported by indicators: regional economic performance, kabar-priangan.
com regarding the proposed economic growth, poverty rate, regional formation of new provinces in West Java, finance, and quality of public services.
Central Java, and East Java, there are 9 new Meanwhile, according to Said .
fiscal province candidates on the island of Java, independence is one of the essential factors starting from Bogor Raya Province in West Java to Blambangan Province in East Java (Finaldi, kabar-priangan.
February 7, implementation of regional autonomy in Even most recently, three new Indonesia is influenced by the fiscal capacity provinces have been ratified on the island of of the region, and until now fiscal support Papua.
Papua from the central government is still the main Pegunungan, and South Papua (Mantalean, support for the fiscal capacity of the regional Kompas.
April 15, 2.
Finally, the Therefore, fiscal independence newest province is the Province of West and the quality of regional government can Papua Dayak which was expanded from the Province of South-West Papua.
opportunities for the readiness of DOB.
Central Papua.
This study attempts to analyze the The this paper, the analysis of the opportunities for the establishment of Madura Province is Madura Province, which is one of the carried out on the quality of regional proposed new provinces in East Java.
The government as seen from Gross Regional candidate province includes 4 regencies on Domestic Madura Island, namely Bangkalan Regency.
Development Sampang Regency.
Pamekasan Regency.
Development Index.
GINI Index.
Fiscal and Sumenep Regency.
Then, to meet the Capacity Index, and Fiscal Independence Index.
autonomous districts/cities, it is planned to Pamekasan Regency.
Product
Index
(GRDP),
Human
(HDI),
Village Methods This is a descriptive research using quantitative method.
The objective of this study is to describe the opportunities for the Journal of Governance Innovation Volume 7.
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establishment of Madura Province as seen Result and Discussion from the capacities and challenges in four The opportunity for the formation of Madura districts on Madura Island.
According to Province can be seen from the capacity of the Aswar .
descriptive research using a regional government that will be part of the quantitative approach emphasizes numerical DOB and the challenges faced.
This analysis data processed using statistical methods.
The was conducted by comparing the quality of governance on Madura Island with other methods is related to the type of main data regional governments in East Java.
The used in this study.
The quantitative data used comparison was conducted using the following are Gross Regional Domestic Product indicators: GRDP.
HDI.
Village Development (GRDP).
Human Development Index (HDI).
Index.
GINI Index.
Fiscal Capacity Index, and Village Development Index.
GINI Index.
Regional Fiscal Independence Index.
Viewed Fiscal from the GRDP both based on constant prices Capacity Index.
Fiscal Independence Index.
and current prices, it can be seen that the The data sources in this study are the GRDP Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), the governments on Madura Island is below the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Home average in East Java, except for the Constant Affairs, and data accessed from the official Price GRDP of Bangkalan Regency which is websites of four districts on Madura Island.
higher than the Average GRDP of Madura Data analysis was carried out by starting Island and East Java.
However, the GRDP with the data tabulation process per district value of the four regencies on Madura Island according to the research variables.
Then, it was continued with a comparative analysis Meanwhile, the GRDP of the current prices of between districts on Madura Island and a the four regencies on Madura Island is smaller comparison with districts/cities in East Java.
than the GRDP of the constant price.
In fact.
The results will show whether Madura has the average GRDP value of the current price of regencies/cities in East Java is in line with the government as a DOB, namely Madura GRDP value of its constant price.
Province.
Opportunities are generated from a comparison between the capacities owned and the challenges faced.
Journal of Governance Innovation Volume 7.
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equitable development on Madura Island is not 000,00 000,00 000,00 000,00 000,00 000,00 0,00 much different from the regencies/cities in East Java.
Pa alan Su ng aT a Figure 1 GRDP at Constant Prices 000,00 000,00 000,00 000,00 0,00 Figure 3 GINI Index Pa ala Sa a n Su ng aT a The quality of a regional government can also be seen from the quality of its human resources.
Measurement of the quality of human resources is done by calculating the Human Development Figure 2 GRDP at Current Prices Index (HDI).
All districts on Madura Island Then, the capacities of the four districts on Madura Island are also seen from the GINI Index Based on the GINI index for the last five years .
, it can be seen that the average GINI index of districts on Madura Island is below the East Java average.
In addition, in terms of numbers.
Sampang Regency and have almost the same HDI value.
Pamekasan and Sumenep Regencies have the best HDI value, even almost equaling the average of all districts/cities in East Java.
This condition is a portrayal of the good potential of human resources on Madura Island.
This means that if Madura Province is formed, then the basic capital of its human resources has a quality that is not much different from East Java currently.
Sumenep Regency have the best index, while Pamekasan Regency has the lowest.
Besides.
Bangkalan Regency and Sumenep Regency show an increasing trend, while the other two regencies have a decreasing trend.
This condition is a good condition, meaning that Journal of Governance Innovation Volume 7.
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The next indicator is the fiscal capacity of the local government.
Data on the fiscal capacity of regencies on Madura Island mostly show a downward trend, only Bangkalan Regency has Figure 4 Human Development Index (HDI) an upward trend from year to year.
This condition is certainly a poor indication of readiness to become Madura Province because fiscal capacity is an important factor for the success of regional government administration.
In addition to the Human Development Index.
Definitely, this condition is a challenge if the quality of governance on Madura Island is Madura Province is formed.
This condition is also seen from the Village Development Index also in contrast to the Fiscal Capacity Index of (IDM).
Like the Human Development Index, regencies/cities in East Java.
In fact, the Fiscal the IDM values of the regencies on Madura Capacity Index of regencies/cities in East Java Island have almost the same value and also has a good trend, although the trend is flat with show a trend of improving development from varying ups and downs.
year to year.
Meanwhile, when compared to the Java, they are also almost the same.
Therefore, the quality of village development in the four regencies on Madura Island has a quality that is not much different from all regencies/cities in East Java.
IDM values of regencies/cities throughout East Figure 6 Regional Fiscal Capacity Index The last indicator in measuring the capacity of Figure 5 Village Development Index (IDM) local governments on Madura Island is fiscal The data used is the Fiscal Independence Index which is then compared with the average Fiscal Independence Index of regencies/cities in East Java.
Although the Fiscal Independence Index value of regencies Journal of Governance Innovation Volume 7.
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on Madura Island is lower than regencies in East Java, it shows a good trend from year to independence of the region are also challenges.
The regency with the lowest fiscal Given its current condition, it is far behind when compared to other regencies/cities in East Sampang Regency.
While the highest value is Pamekasan Java.
Regency.
Then, based on the results of the However, there are other indicators that Fiscal provide hope that the capacity of districts on Independence Index of all regencies on Madura Madura Island as seen from the GINI Index.
Island, it is lower than the average of all HDI, and IDM has an average value that is not regencies/cities in East Java, which also shows much different from other districts/cities in an increasing trend, and the difference is quite East implementation and its distribution is quite Java.
The good on Madura Island.
Besides, the quality of human resources is also adequate so that this 0,15 0,05 can be the basic capital as a strength to be able to develop well if it becomes a new province.
Figure 7 Regional Fiscal Independence Index Based on the data presented previously, it can be seen that the capacity of the regional government on Madura Island is generally lower than other regional governments in East Java.
The economic capacity of the region as seen from the GRDP value, both based on constant prices and current prices, of the four regencies on Madura Island has a lower value than the regencies/cities in East Java.
This is a challenge if Madura becomes a new province.
Good capital for economic development, human resource capacity, and the quality of regional development implementation can be optimized to face the challenges faced.
Although the capacity and fiscal independence of the region are lower than other regions in East Java, by being given greater authority to become an autonomous region, the province development to catch up with other regional governments by optimizing the management of its potential.
Madura Island has extraordinary economic and natural resource potential.
Until now, this potential has not been optimally managed, which could be with the new authority as a Journal of Governance Innovation Volume 7.
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province, it could be a foothold to optimize the services is in line with good responsiveness.
management of the economic potential and Thus, there is a very open opportunity to align natural resources it has.
Madura Island has the optimization of resource management with been a contributor of oil and gas for Indonesia the accessibility of public services.
This since the New Order until now, especially in strengthens the purpose of the establishment of the Pagerungan Block.
Sumenep Regency.
It is DOB, namely to be a solution to improving the highly possible that when becoming a province, quality of government affairs in the region and the fiscal capacity and fiscal independence of facilitating access to public services and to the region can be boosted beyond the current improve the welfare of local communities This can refer to Smith's opinion (Smith, 1.
that the territorial aspect of regional Conclusion government greatly influences the effectiveness of the implementation of government and its public services.
That adequate coverage of the area can have extensive resource potential.
Absolutely, this is still in line with the challenges of public service accessibility.
Therefore, the area of jurisdiction determines the area of resources that can be managed, as well as the management of public services.
Hence, if Madura Island becomes a new autonomous provincial region, it is hoped that the management of its territory will be more The DOB promising to improve the quality of governance in the regions, which is ultimately expected to improve the quality of local community The choice of policy must of course still be based on the existing situation and Granting authority to the right legal community unit must be based on accurate data proving that the prospective DOB really has adequate potential and faces low risks or focused so that it is in line with its authority Madura Island is a region that has and capacity to optimize the management of sufficient potential with strong characteristics.
regional potential to improve the quality of Therefore, if given the authority to become a government affairs that have an impact on province, it has a great opportunity to improve the quality of governance and support the In line with Oates' opinion acceleration of development in the region.
that the closer the service provider is to Although there are still challenges to be faced, the public, the more accurate the fulfillment of with political, fiscal, and coaching support community needs.
The accuracy of public from the central government, it can certainly Journal of Governance Innovation Volume 7.
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encourage Madura Province to develop well because it already has sufficient potential and Good GINI.
IPM, and IDM indices improvements in the quality of the regional economy, regional fiscal capacity, and regional fiscal independence.
However, this study has limitations because it uses quantitative data sourced from government agencies.
In an effort to deepen it, further research is needed by strengthening the existing findings.
The next researcher can explore the six indicators of measuring capacity and challenges of forming DOB using more comprehensive research methods and data.
Acknowledgement We would like to express our gratitude to Faculty Administrative Science Universitas Brawijaya for supporting the funding of this research.
References